http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/080519/78/zi0t.html
準媽媽愛打手機 寶寶過動風險增
自由 更新日期:2008/05/19 04:09
〔編譯鄭寺音綜合報導〕美國一份權威研究首次指出，孕婦使用手機會嚴重影響胎兒健康，即使每天只使用兩到三次，就足以提高孩童在學齡期出現過動、行為、情緒、人際關係等問題的風險，如果這些孩童本身在七歲以前也使用手機，風險將會更高。
七歲以下兒童用手機 風險更大
這項研究是學界首度針對孕婦使用手機影響孩童行為進行評估，研究結果也讓科學家深感訝異，但他們說，孕婦使用手機，「比她們抽菸或喝酒對孩童造成的危害低得多」。
這份在美國加州大學洛杉磯分校以及丹麥阿胡斯進行的大型研究，調查丹麥一萬三千多名在一九九○年代後期生育的母親，她們懷孕期間使用手機、她們的孩子使用手機的習慣，以及孩子到七歲時的行為，由於這些母親生育時手機還不普遍，約半數母親並不常使用手機，或是根本沒用過手機，因此可以比較手機對其孩童造成的影響。
研究發現，使用手機的母親，孩子出現行為問題的機率高出五成四，當孩子們自己也使用手機時，出現行為問題的風險更高出八成，出現情緒問題的風險高出兩成五，與同儕有相處問題的機率高出三成四，過動的機率高出三成五，行為傾向出現問題的機率高出四成九。
科學家說，研究結果「讓人意想不到」，他們並不清楚可能造成這些問題的生物機制。他們說，或許是因為常常使用手機的母親比較不注意小孩，或有其他原因。他們也強調，研究結果必須謹慎解讀，也需要進行進一步研究來加以證實。
這份研究報告將刊登於七月號的「流行病學」期刊，由於報告作者之一向來質疑使用手機會對人體健康造成影響，因此格外受到矚目。
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/warning-using-a-mobile-phone-while-pregnant-can-seriously-damage-your-baby-830352.html
Warning: Using a mobile phone while pregnant can seriously damage your baby
Study of 13,000 children exposes link between use of handsets and later behavioural problems
Sunday, 18 May 2008
Women who use mobile phones when pregnant are more likely to give birth to children with behavioural problems, according to authoritative research.
A giant study, which surveyed more than 13,000 children, found that using the handsets just two or three times a day was enough to raise the risk of their babies developing hyperactivity and difficulties with conduct, emotions and relationships by the time they reached school age. And it adds that the likelihood is even greater if the children themselves used the phones before the age of seven.
The results of the study, the first of its kind, have taken the top scientists who conducted it by surprise. But they follow warnings against both pregnant women and children using mobiles by the official Russian radiation watchdog body, which believes that the peril they pose "is not much lower than the risk to children's health from tobacco or alcohol".
The research – at the universities of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Aarhus, Denmark – is to be published in the July issue of the journal Epidemiology and will carry particular weight because one of its authors has been sceptical that mobile phones pose a risk to health.
UCLA's Professor Leeka Kheifets – who serves on a key committee of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, the body that sets the guidelines for exposure to mobile phones – wrote three and a half years ago that the results of studies on people who used them "to date give no consistent evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to radiofrequency fields and any adverse health effect".
The scientists questioned the mothers of 13,159 children born in Denmark in the late 1990s about their use of the phones in pregnancy, and their children's use of them and behaviour up to the age of seven. As they gave birth before mobiles became universal, about half of the mothers had used them infrequently or not at all, enabling comparisons to be made.
They found that mothers who did use the handsets were 54 per cent more likely to have children with behavioural problems and that the likelihood increased with the amount of potential exposure to the radiation. And when the children also later used the phones they were, overall, 80 per cent more likely to suffer from difficulties with behaviour. They were 25 per cent more at risk from emotional problems, 34 per cent more likely to suffer from difficulties relating to their peers, 35 per cent more likely to be hyperactive, and 49 per cent more prone to problems with conduct.
The scientists say that the results were "unexpected", and that they knew of no biological mechanisms that could cause them. But when they tried to explain them by accounting for other possible causes – such as smoking during pregnancy, family psychiatric history or socio-economic status – they found that, far from disappearing, the association with mobile phone use got even stronger.
They add that there might be other possible explanations that they did not examine – such as that mothers who used the phones frequently might pay less attention to their children – and stress that the results "should be interpreted with caution" and checked by further studies. But they conclude that "if they are real they would have major public health implications".
Professor Sam Milham, of the blue-chip Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, and the University of Washington School of Public Health – one of the pioneers of research in the field – said last week that he had no doubt that the results were real. He pointed out that recent Canadian research on pregnant rats exposed to similar radiation had found structural changes in their offspring's brains.
The Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection says that use of the phones by both pregnant women and children should be "limited". It concludes that children who talk on the handsets are likely to suffer from "disruption of memory, decline of attention, diminishing learning and cognitive abilities, increased irritability" in the short term, and that longer-term hazards include "depressive syndrome" and "degeneration of the nervous structures of the brain".
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